K-Factor Check
Effective Length Factor Calculatrice
Use this page to compare courant end-restraint hypotheses, convert unsupported length into effective length, et see how K changes elastic column capacity.
Enter length in meters, E in GPa, inertia in cm^4, area in cm^2, et applied axial charge in kN.
Buckling Entrees
End condition
Member data
Use the end condition that best matches the expected rotational restraint.
Use the weaker-axis inertia when buckling can occur about multiple axes.
Area is used to calculate the radius of gyration et slenderness.
Applied charge is compared directly avec the ideal Charge critique d'Euler.
Buckling Diagram
Stability Summary
| End condition | Fixed-Pinned |
| Longueur efficace factor K | 0,699 |
| Radius of gyration r | 7,64 cm |
| Euler stress Fe | 989,79 MPa |
| Reserve de charge Pcr - P | 3 857,10 kN |
Buckling Formule
Longueur efficace
Forme generale
L_e = K L
Avec actuel values
L_e = 0.699 * 5.00
Resultat calcule
L_e = 3.49 m
Charge critique d'Euler
Forme generale
P_cr = pi^2 E I / L_e^2
Avec actuel values
P_cr = pi^2 * 210 * 2,450 / 3.49^2
Resultat calcule
P_cr = 4,157.10 kN
Rapport de slenderness
Forme generale
lambda = L_e / r, r = sqrt(I / A)
Avec actuel values
lambda = 3.49 / sqrt(2,450 / 42)
Resultat calcule
lambda = 45.76
This screen applies classical Euler elastic buckling et is most reliable pour slender columns before inelastic or code-specific checks.
Hypotheses du modele
- The column is straight, prismatic, et loaded concentrically.
- Material behavior is linear elastic up to the predicted buckling charge.
- Only ideal Euler global buckling is screened here; local buckling et imperfections are excluded.
Lecture technique
Calculation Basis
Assumptions & Limits
- The model screens ideal global Euler buckling only et does not include local buckling or material nonlinearity.
- Imperfections, eccentricity, et frame sway effects need separate ingenierie revue.
- K-factors are modeling hypotheses about end restraint et should be treated as a sensitivity study when restraint is uncertain.
Reference Basis
- Documentation: Methodology
- Documentation: Engineering Review
- Roark's Formulas for Stress and Strain
- Mechanics of Materiaux references
- Euler buckling et column-stability references
K-Factor Reference Cases
| Pinned-pinned | K = 1.00 |
| Fixed-fixed | K = 0.50 |
| Fixed-pinned | K = 0.699 |
| Cantilever | K = 2.00 |
| Main use | Translate support restraint into effective length |
Notes techniques
- Use this page when the biggest uncertainty is not the acier section itself, but how much rotational restraint the framing really provides.
- Because Euler charge scales avec 1 over Le squared, small changes in K can move the predicted elastic buckling charge much more than many users expect.
- If frame action, sway, or connection flexibility are uncertain, use this page as a sensitivity study rather than picking one K value et treating it as absolute.
Pages associees